Bleeding when brushing or flossing and bad taste in the mouth or bad breath are the first symptoms that may tell you that you have periodontal disease.
There are two main types of periodontal disease: gingivitis and periodontitis.
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by bacteria in plaque and tartar. Plaque is an invisible, sticky bacterial film that accumulates on the teeth. It is produced by a combination of various bacteria, food pieces and saliva. Over time, plaque turns into tartar, a hard, gritty substance that must be removed regularly. Good oral hygiene, proper nutrition and frequent cleanings at the dentist usually improve gingivitis. In some people, untreated gingivitis can turn into periodontitis.
Periodontitis is an inflammation that affects the bone structure and dental tissue. Mild to moderate periodontitis is diagnosed when pockets 4 to 6 mm deep are observed between the tooth and the soft tissues and lead to the proliferation of bacteria. Advanced periodontitis is characterized by pockets deeper than 6 mm, which can lead to considerable bone loss and tooth shift. Without treatment, the teeth will eventually become more mobile and will have to be extracted.
The dentist can diagnose and treat periodontal disease as soon as it appears. Periodontal treatment aims to restore the health of the gums. It usually involves scaling, which is the removal of plaque and tartar from the teeth. Some more advanced cases may require consultation with a specialist.